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Combination Plane

Any plane that can be used for more than one job.

Combination Square

A square that measures both 90 degree and 45 degree angles.

Common Grade Lumber

Lumber with obvious defects.

Common Pitch

Refers to a plane iron held at 45 degrees to the work by the frog or bed.

Compass

An instrument for drawing circles consisting of two legs joined at a pivot hinge.

Compass Plane

A plane used to make convex or concave shapes.

Compass Saw

A narrow saw with a heavy set to the teeth for cutting curves in large pieces of wood.

Complementary Colors

Colors opposite each other on the color wheel. Mixing complementary colors with each other decreases the intensity of their color and makes them more greyish.

Compound Cut, Compound Miter

A combination miter and bevel cut. Generally a compound miter is used in building shadow box picture frames and similar projects where angled or "deep set" project sides are desired.

Compound Rip Cut

An operation that is performed by tilting the work table to the desired angle and guiding the workpiece through the cut with the aid of a taper jig. Typical uses for this cut would include the construction of pyramid-shaped projects; hollow, tapered posts or cylinders; or concrete forms for deck mountings, etc.

Compression Wood

Reaction wood that forms on the lower side of a leaning softwood tree.

Concave

An inward-curving shape. (i.e. a spoon). In lathe turning, a concave cut is called a cove.

Concealed Hinges

This refers to any hinge that does not show from the outside of the cabinet.

Congé

Concave circular molding profile combining both straight and curved elements.

Conservation

The practice of stopping the deterioration of an object of material culture. Only enough work to stabilize the object and allow it to be maintained in an un-restored state.

Continuous-arm Windsor (Continuous Bow Windsor)

A Windsor arm-chair that utilizes a single bow forming arm-rests and a raised back section. Originally based on the French bergere chair.

Convex

An outward-curving shape. (i.e. my belly :-) In lathe turning, a convex cut is called a bead.

Cooked Oil

Tung oil that has been heat-treated.

Coopered Joints

The worker who makes a barrel is called a Cooper, hence a coopered joint is one between strips of wood (staves) whose faces are at an angle to each other.

Cope-and-stick joint

A method of construction of raised panel doors where the sticking on the styles extends to the end of the board. The end of the rail is then coped to a negative of the stick pattern and the two pieces fit together like a puzzle piece.

Coping Saw

A small frame saw used to cut small curves. Designed to cope the rails in a cope and stick joint.

Cord

A unit of measure often used for firewood stacked 4' deep x 4' high x 8' long. See Face Cord.

Corner

On a board the corner is the place where the face, edge and end meet.

Corner Chisel

A heavy duty L-shaped chisel used for cleaning out corners of mortices.

Counterbore

The act of making one end of a drilled hole larger than the other to permit the head of a bolt or screw to drop below the surface of the workpiece. Counterbores, unlike countersinks, have straight sides (not angled). In woodworking, counterbored holes are often filled with wood plugs or screw but-tons to create the illusion of dowel joinery.

Countersink

1. A shallow angled or beveled hole that is formed to allow the head of a flathead screw or bolt to be recessed and tightened flush with the surface of the workpiece. 2. A tool that allows you to drill a hole so that the head of a screw will sit flush with the face of a board. 3. The action of countersinking.

Cove

A negative (concave) semi-circular form in spindle turning.

Coving

The creation of a concave cut or "groove" in the edge or surface of a workpiece. A cove can be produced with a router bit or by passing the workpiece across the top of a rotating table saw blade at an angle with the aid of a special coving fixture.

Crank Neck Chisel

Chisel with a curved handle meant to raise the user's hand above the work, allowing the bottom of hollowed-out areas to be flattened.

Crazing

Thousands of tiny interconnecting cracks that can occur in a finish.

Crest Rail, Cresting Rail

Windsor - A low addition to the back-rest area on the bow of a low-back Windsor. Can be used as a splice on pieced bows and increases comfort of the chair. Standard Chair - The top rail of a chair that connects the two back uprights.

Crispy

Very clean

Crook

A lumber defect where there is an edgewise warp effecting the straightness of the board. When the edge is placed on a flat surface the center of the edge will touch the surface while the ends are above the surface.

Cross banding

A method of veneer decoration when the outside of a field is framed with veneer with the grain running perpendicular to the outside of the framed area. All grain goes from the outside edge in to the field with miters at the corners.

Cross Bevel

A bevel formed on the end of a workpiece by cutting perpendicular to the grain of the stock. Cross bevels are used most often in creating "invisible" joints where the sides of square, octagonal or other shaped boxes and similar projects meet.

Crosscut (crosscutting)

A cut made perpendicular to the grain of a board. See Ripcut (Ripping)

Crosscut Saw

Saw with teeth filed to crosscut boards. Teeth are filed with alternating bevels to remove wood similar to small chisels. Small back saws filed at crosscut saws are generally used for cutting the shoulders of tenons and other joinery.

Crotch

In lumber, a piece of wood taken from the fork of a tree. Crotch Veneer is highly valued for its figuring.

Crown Guard

An adjustable covering for the teeth of a circular saw. Also called a hood.

Cup

1. A defect in the lumber where the face of the board warps up like the letter U. 2. This refers to the door portion of a concealed hinge(such as the Blum hinges) that requires a hole to be drilled in the back of the door. The cup portion of the hinge is inserted into this hole.

Curl

A term to describe what happens to wood as it grows. Curly wood looks like sand on the beach or river bottom with repeated ripples in the grain. The grain goes up and down causing the unusual look in the wood. Also called 'tiger' grain or fiddleback.

Cut

1. To separate a piece of wood into two or more pieces. 2. The relationship between the weight of dry flakes and the volume of solvent used in making shellac. A one-pound cut consists of one round of dry shellac flakes dissolved in one gallon of solvent.

Cutting angle (rake angle)

The angle between the upper face of a blade and the wood being cut. The cutting angle equals the included blade angle plus the clearance angle.

Cyma Recta

Compound curved molding profile with a concave curve above and convex curve below.

Cyma Reversa

Compound curved molding profile with a convex curve above and a concave curve below.

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