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Rabbet Plane, Rebate Plane

A plane with an iron that extends to the edge of the sole.

Rabbet, Rebate

A cut partway through the edge of a board that is used as a part of a joint. An L shaped notch taken off the corner of a board to accept another board forms a rabbit joint.

Rack and Pinion

A system using two gears, one round, one flat to move a part, an example would be a drill press, a round gear connected to a handle works with a flat gear on the column to raise and lower the table.

Racking

Force applied fore and aft to a chair or carcase.

Radial

A hypothetical plane that radiates from the pith outwards towards the bark.

Radial Arm Saw

Circular saw that runs on an overhead track, the track mechanism swings in relation to the table to make miter cuts.

Radial Drill Press

A drill press with the head mounted on a tube which is laterally and vertically adjustable, this type gives greater throat clearance but is not as solid as a conventional drill press so run out can be a problem.

Radial Shrinkage

Shrinkage in a piece of lumber that occurs across the growth rings as it begins to dry.

Radius Plane

A plane used to round or chamfer the edges of a board.

Rail

1. A horizontal board that runs along the underside of a table. 2. The horizontal part of a raised panel door.

Raised Grain

The roughened condition of sanded wood when the hard latewood rises above the soft earlywood when moisture is applied.

Raised Panel

A piece of wood that is the center of a frame and panel assembly.

Rake

1. The angle at which the leading edge of the teeth are cut on a saw blade. 2. A term to describe the angle at which something leans forward or backward from the perpendicular (front to back). See Splay

Rank Setting

The setting of a plane iron (blade) that will a make a heavy cut.

Ray

A ribbon like figure caused by the strands of cells which extend across the grain in quarter sawn lumber.

Ray Marker

A woodgraining tool used to imitate the dash shaped marks made by medullary rays in plain-sawed oak. Consists of a number of small wheels that have short dashes embossed on their edges.

Razee

A wooden plane in which the top has been cut back from square, often to attach a tote. From the practice in shipbuilding of cutting away part of the deck.

Razor Saw

Very small, fine back saw, generally used for the finest joinery or modelmaking.

Reaction Wood

Abnormal wood formed in a leaning tree, often characterized by a dense hard brittle grain and propensity to react irregularly to seasonal moisture changes. In hardwood trees, it forms on the upper side of the lean and is called tension wood. In softwood trees it forms on the lower side of the lean and is called compression wood.

Reamer, Taper reamer

A cone-shaped cutting tool used to convert cylindrical mortises into a cone-like configuration.

Red Sable

A natural brush filament obtained from Siberian mink and used for lettering or artists' brushes.

Reed

A series of beads cut side by side.

Refinishing

Something that should NEVER be done to antique furniture unless the finish is completely missing, otherwise it should be restored.

Registered Chisel

A chisel with sides perpendicular to the face for purposes of registering it against a flat surface.

Rejuvenator

Any of various products that are used to restore the appearance of an old finish.

Repair

Work done to a piece that returns it to serviceable condition. May be more than Conservation and less than Restoration.

Resaw

Ripping lumber into narrower pieces. Although this operation is usually performed on a bandsaw, depending upon the thickness of the stock being cut, it can also be done on a table saw or scroll saw. By hand done with a Frame Resaw.

Resin (pitch)

A translucent, sticky material secreted in canals or pockets in the wood of various conifers, particularly eastern white pine.

Restoration

The process of returning an object, usually an antique to its original condition. More work than Conservation and Repair. Proper restoration uses original tools, materials and techniques.

Resultant angle

The lean angle of a cylinder (usually a chair part or drill shaft) in line with a sighting angle. Often measured in degrees more or less than a right angle.

Return

To carry a surface or feature in a changed direction, especially at right angles.

Reverse Bevel

A door edge that is angled backwards allowing the door edge to serve as the pull. This gives a much simpler, cleaner looking design of cabinets.

Reverse edge

The face or edge opposite to the datum surfaces (ie, face side or face edge).

Reverse face

The face opposite to the face side.

Rhykenologist

One who collects and studies woodworking tools, especially planes.

Rift Sawn

Refers to wood that is cut from a quarter balk of wood where the angle is about 45 to the annual rings. Rays that show up best when quarter sawn are larger on rift-sawn wood than on flat sawn wood.

Rinder

Tool for making tapered holes in endgrain, primarily for fitting chisel tangs.

Ring porous hardwood

A hardwood species that develops relatively large pores during early annual growth and much smaller pores later in the season. Examples include oak, ash, hickory, and elm. With the exception of elm, these are tough, coarse fiber woods, excellent for riving and shaving.

Rip Bevel

A bevel cut on the edge of a piece of stock that runs with the grain of the wood. Rip bevels are used most often for decorative purposes or for creating "invisible" joints where the sides of square, octagonal or other shaped posts, boxes or similar projects meet.

Rip Saw

Saw with the teeth sharpened specifically for ripping stock.

Ripcut (Ripping)

A cut made parallel to the grain of a board. See Crosscut.

Rive

The technique of splitting wood with maximum control of thickness where the craftsman splits the wood from the end with a froe and wedges. Used mostly with ring-porous hardwoods.

Riving knife

A thin plate mounted behind the saw. Its thickness should be greater than the plate of the saw but less than the kerf. Also called a spreader.

Robertson Head

A screw head requiring a driver with a square tip, also referred to as a square drive

Rockwell / Rc

A scale that indicates the hardness of steel. A Rockwell range of 58 to 61 is considered optimum for fine woodworking edge tools.

Rod-back Windsor

A variation of a fan-back, having one or two rod-like bows connecting the upper ends of the spindles.

ROFL (ROTFL)

Internet abbreviation for "Rolling on (the) floor laughing."

Rotary Planer

A power hand tool with rotating blades that smoothes the surface of material

Rotary-cut Veneer

Veneer which was cut from a log in one long sheet. Rotary cut veneer is cut from a log like a roll of paper towels.

Rottenstone

A natural abrasive made from powdered limestone. It is finer than pumice and is often used in a second step when rubbing out a finish.

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RD Glossary by Run Digital